Table 1 Descriptive analysis.
Variable | Mean | Std. Dev | Min | Max | Observations | Unit | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C (carbon emission) | Overall | 7554.262 | 5299.984 | 686.9702 | 25890.13 | N = 1209 | 10,000 tons of CO2e |
Between | 4983.562 | 827.8036 | 18205.59 | n = 31 | |||
Within | 2008.78 | 1198.293 | 16990.06 | T = 39 | |||
F (technology spillover) | Overall | 158.4191 | 444.986 | 0.0003 | 3688.591 | N = 1209 | Million USD |
Between | 261.3633 | 1.1041 | 955.1795 | n = 31 | |||
Within | 363.1124 | −772.0584 | 2891.83 | T = 39 | |||
D (R&D capital stock) | Overall | 481687 | 1118112 | 253.2327 | 10100000 | N = 1209 | 10,000 CNY |
Between | 553426.1 | 3083.924 | 1913999 | n = 31 | |||
Within | 976488.1 | −1408534 | 8621312 | T = 39 |
