Table 2 Empirical model (Eq. (9)) results showing the positive and statistically significant effect of parental family availability on changes in the net influx into a city after the COVID-19 shock relative to before.

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
β
v (parental family availability)	0.783***	0.666***	0.681***	0.631***
	(0.066)	(0.068)	(0.067)	(0.066)
ρ_a
Population		−0.018***	−0.010*	−0.008
		(0.004)	(0.005)	(0.005)
Population density		−0.004	−0.007	−0.007
		(0.006)	(0.006)	(0.006)
Median home value			−0.026*	−0.014
			(0.014)	(0.015)
Median income			−0.096***	−0.118***
			(0.036)	(0.037)
Employment (jobs per person)			0.003	0.003
			(0.003)	(0.003)
Share of single-family homes				0.139**
				(0.062)
Observations	1852	1852	1846	1846
R² Within	0.138	0.183	0.216	0.221
Adj. R² Within	0.137	0.180	0.210	0.215

*p < 0.1, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01. Standard errors in parentheses.
Model (4), which includes all of the control variables, estimates that a city that is 10 percentage points larger in v than another city would see a 6.5% larger (positive) change in inflow per outflow after the pandemic started. All models include city and time (before and after COVID-19 shock) fixed effects. All control variables except the share of SFH are in natural log scale.

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