Table 1 Learners’ proficiency level and their J-CAT, SPOT scores.

From: Applying large language models for automated essay scoring for non-native Japanese

Learner Level

J-CAT scores

SPOT scores

Essay numbers

Beginner

0–100

0–30

75

A1

100-

31–55

313

A2

175-

352

B1

225-

56–80

326

B2

275-

156

C1

325-

81–90

102

C2

350-

76