Table 2 Reliability and validity analysis.
Constructs | Items | Factor loading | Cronbach’s alpha | CR | AVE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inbound open innovation (IOI) | IOI1 | 0.736 | 0.826 | 0.873 | 0.534 |
IOI2 | 0.755 | ||||
IOI3 | 0.725 | ||||
IOI4 | 0.747 | ||||
IOI5 | 0.715 | ||||
IOI6 | 0.705 | ||||
Outbound open innovation (OOI) | OOI1 | 0.724 | 0.782 | 0.860 | 0.606 |
OOI2 | 0.812 | ||||
OOI3 | 0.751 | ||||
OOI4 | 0.823 | ||||
Digital collaboration capability (DCC) | DCC1 | 0.790 | 0.768 | 0.852 | 0.590 |
DCC2 | 0.714 | ||||
DCC3 | 0.770 | ||||
DCC4 | 0.795 | ||||
Absorptive capability (AC) | AC1 | 0.705 | 0.836 | 0.879 | 0.549 |
AC2 | 0.786 | ||||
AC3 | 0.747 | ||||
AC4 | 0.766 | ||||
AC5 | 0.712 | ||||
AC6 | 0.727 | ||||
Digital platform (DP) | DP1 | 0.770 | 0.891 | 0.913 | 0.567 |
DP2 | 0.772 | ||||
DP3 | 0.744 | ||||
DP4 | 0.734 | ||||
DP5 | 0.772 | ||||
DP6 | 0.731 | ||||
DP7 | 0.734 | ||||
DP8 | 0.766 | ||||
Stakeholder pressure (SP) | SP1 | 0.758 | 0.760 | 0.847 | 0.581 |
SP2 | 0.758 | ||||
SP3 | 0.765 | ||||
SP4 | 0.768 | ||||
External support (ES) | ES1 | 0.766 | 0.841 | 0.887 | 0.612 |
ES2 | 0.811 | ||||
ES3 | 0.822 | ||||
ES4 | 0.789 | ||||
ES5 | 0.721 |
