Table 8 Pedroni panel co-integration test results (a): For research productivity model, (b): For research productivity model, (c): For research productivity model.

From: Unleashing the potential: a quest to understand and examine the factors enriching research and innovation productivities of South Asian universities

 

Statistic

p-value

(a)

Test 1

3.8455

0.0001*

Test 2

−6.4898

0.0000*

Test 3

−3.2624

0.0006*

(b)

Test 1

3.6624

0.0001*

Test 2

−16.1434

0.0000*

Test 3

−6.1363

0.0000*

(c)

Test 1

4.1540

0.0000*

Test 2

−3.7093

0.0001*

Test 3

−4.5609

0.0000*

  1. Source: Researcher’s calculation.
  2. *Denotes the significance level at 1% level, and all the models are without trend. However, Tests 1–3 represent Modified Phillips-Perron t, Phillips-Perron t, and Augmented Dickey-Fuller.
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