Table 2 Cross-sectional dependency test and slope heterogeneity test.
Model A (economic, social, and political globalization) | ||
|---|---|---|
Test | Statistic | Probability |
Breusch-Pagan LM | 21.88*** | 0.00 |
Pesaran-Scaled LM | 4.58*** | 0.00 |
Pesaran CD | 1.90** | 0.06 |
Model B (de facto economic, social, and political globalization) | ||
Breusch-Pagan LM | 13.42*** | 0.00 |
Pesaran-Scaled LM | 2.14*** | 0.00 |
Pesaran CD | 1.90** | 0.05 |
Model C (de jure economic, social, and political globalization) | ||
Breusch-Pagan LM | 30.63*** | 0.00 |
Pesaran-Scaled LM | 7.11*** | 0.00 |
Pesaran CD | −1.38 | 0.17 |
Slope heterogeneity test-Heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation consistent (HAC) | ||
Statistics | P-value | |
\(\Delta\) | 2.73*** | 0.00 |
\({\Delta }_{{adjusted}}\) | 4.22*** | 0.00 |
