Table 6 Decomposition of spatial effects based on the prefecture-level city.

From: Impact of urban vitality on carbon emission—an analysis of 222 Chinese cities based on the spatial Durbin model

Variables

Model (3) National Region

 

Direct

Indirect

Total

Economic vitality

−0.02

0..35***

0.33**

 

0.35

0.01

0.01

Population vitality

0.05**

0.12

0.17

 

0.03

0.36

0.20

Social vitality

0.01

0.04

0.06**

 

0.31

0.19

0.06

lnURB

0.29***

−2.16**

−1.89**

 

0

0.02

0.047

lnBUI

−0.01

−0.58

−0.59

 

0.54

0.16

0.16

R2

0.36

Obs

1998

Province

222

  1. *** and ** indicates significance at the 1% and 5% levels, respectively.
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