Table 3 Estimation results of the effects of urbanization on excess mortgage risk.

From: Urbanization and the excess mortgage risk – an optimal mortgage model

Variables

(1)

(2)

(3)

\({\left(\frac{{EK}}{Y}\right)}_{{it}}\)

\({p}_{{it}}\)

\({\left(\frac{{EK}}{Y}\right)}_{{it}}\)

Urbanizationit

1.2389*** (0.1607)

1.4616*** (0.0612)

0.7453*** (0.1624)

pit

  

0.3377*** (0.0716)

iit

−0.0652*** (0.0078)

−0.0873*** (0.0022)

−0.0357*** (0.0101)

hit

0.0767*** (0.0223)

0.0015 (0.0052)

0.0762*** (0.0222)

rpit

−0.1812*** (0.0180)

0.4989*** (0.0065)

−0.3497*** (0.0438)

Const.

0.9178*** (0.1514)

4.6728*** (0.0319)

−0.6600* (0.3663)

R2

0.0641

0.9491

0.0707

Observations

3900

3900

3900

No. of provinces

25

25

25

Hausman Test

27.58 [0.0000]

386.37 [0.0000]

26.83 [0.0000]

  1. Notes: Robust standard errors are in parentheses. *, **, and *** are significant at the 10%, 5%, and 1% levels, respectively. [] is the p-value of the Hausman test.