Fig. 3: The figure illustrates the trends of the Nighttime Light Development Index (NLDI) from 2010 to 2020.

A line chart displays the mean NLDI values for Centralized Construction Land (CCL) and Decentralized Construction Land (DCL) for each year (a), and box plots compare the NLDI distributions for CCL and DCL in 2010 and 2020 (b).