Table 1 Description of main variables.
Variables | Sample size | Unit | Mean | Standard deviation | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
\({\boldsymbol{gpatent}}\) | 2032 | piece | 415.35 | 985.41 | 0 | 10,959 |
\({\boldsymbol{envi}}\) | 2032 | 10 thousand yuan | 156,535.1 | 292,410.6 | 4559 | 4,584,403 |
\({\boldsymbol{fiscal}}\) | 2032 | % | 44.66 | 20.73 | 0 | 92.15 |
\({\boldsymbol{fdi}}\) | 2032 | 100 million yuan | 69.25 | 156.09 | 0 | 2047.53 |
\({\boldsymbol{second}}\) | 2032 | % | 44.82 | 11.46 | 0 | 82.23 |
\({\boldsymbol{pgdp}}\) | 2032 | yuan | 74,641.74 | 150,301.2 | 4134 | 163,324 |
\({\boldsymbol{rnd}}\) | 2032 | 10 thousand yuan | 140,576.10 | 426,948.60 | 0 | 5,549,817 |
\({\boldsymbol{human}}\) | 2032 | % | 1.82 | 2.00 | 0.01 | 11.39 |
\({\boldsymbol{urban}}\) | 2032 | % | 57.22 | 13.88 | 18.15 | 100 |
