Table 5 Hypotheses assessment summary.

From: Punish or help? Third parties’ constructive responses to witnessed workplace incivility: the role of political skill

Hypothesis

Study 1

Study 2

Hypothesis 1

Supported

Supported

Hypothesis 2

Not supported

Not supported

Hypothesis 3a

Supported

Supported

Hypothesis 3b

Supported

Not supported

Hypothesis 4a

Supported

Supported

Hypothesis 4b

Supported

Not supported

Hypothesis 4c

Not supported

Not supported

Hypothesis 5a

Not supporteda

Partially supportedb

Hypothesis 5b

Supported

Not supported

  1. aNo support for H5a in Study 1: the non-validation of the moderated mediation model may stem from the moderator’s tendency to amplify the first-stage relationship while alleviating the second stage.
  2. bPartial support for H5a in Study 2: in this study, the moderated mediation model focuses solely on the moderator’s effect on the first stage of the mediation process.
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