Table 4 Wilcoxon signed-rank test results for pre- and post-workshop surveys.

From: Transformative impact of pre-service CLIL science workshops on pedagogical content knowledge and language teaching competencies

Criterion (n = 15)

Pre-workshop median

Post-workshop median

Z

p value

Perspectives on CLIL science teaching (Items #1–3)

10.0

13.0

−3.104

0.002*

Engagement in critical reflection (Items #4–6)

12.0

13.0

−1.676

0.094

Emotional awareness and management (Items #7–9)

10.0

11.0

−2.215

0.027*

Value of social interactions (Items #10–12)

13.0

13.0

−1.169

0.243

Preparedness for new CLIL teaching practices (Items #13–15)

12.0

13.0

−2.408

0.016*

  1. Significance of p < 0.003125 is indicated by an asterisk (*); participants rated their agreement with statements on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).
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