Table 1 Measurement items.
Constructs | Items | Sources |
|---|---|---|
Green Entrepreneurial Orientation | GEO1: In general, our firm favors a strong emphasis on green practices, such as R&D, technological leadership, and innovation | (Jiang et al. 2018) |
GEO2: When facing uncertainty, we typically adopt a proactive posture in order to catch potential green opportunities | ||
GEO3: In dealing with competitors, we typically initiate green actions that competitors respond to | ||
GEO4: Our firm favors a tendency to be a leader and always introduce green products, services, or technology first | ||
GEO5: In dealing with competitors, we typically adopt a competitive ‘undo- the competitors’ posture | ||
Green Human Capital | GHC1:The contribution of environmental protection of employees in our firm is better than our major competitors. | (Agyabeng-Mensah and Tang, 2021) |
GHC2: Employee competence with respect to environmental protection in our firm is better than that of our major competitors | ||
GHC3: The product and/or service qualities of environmental protection provided by the employees of this firm are better than our major competitors | ||
GHC4: The amount of cooperative teamwork with respect to environmental protection in our firm is more than that of our major competitors | ||
GHC5: Our managers fully support our employees in achieving their goals with respect to environmental protection | ||
Corporate Environmental Strategy | CES1: Our company has integrated environmental issues into our strategic planning process. | (Tan et al. 2022) |
CES2: When our company comes up with new products or services, environmental issues are always taken into account. | ||
CES3: Our firm is engaged in developing products and processes that minimize environmental impact. | ||
Green Supply Chain Integration | GSCI1: Our firm maintains internal green strategic alignment | (Han and Huo, 2020) |
GSCI2: Our firm maintains internal green information sharing | ||
GSCI3: Our firm maintains internal green process coordination | ||
GSCI4: Our firm maintains green strategic alignment with the suppliers | ||
GSCI5: Our firm maintains green information sharing with the suppliers | ||
GSCI6: Our firm maintains green process coordination with the suppliers | ||
GSCI7: Our firm maintains green strategic alignment with the customers | ||
GSCI8: Our firm maintains green information sharing with the customers | ||
GSCI9: Our firm maintains green process coordination with the customers |
