Table 2 Classification of the composite system synergy degree.

From: Examining human–AI collaboration in hybrid intelligence learning environments: insight from the Synergy Degree Model

Synergy degree

Synergy form

Content description

U = −1

No synergy

Subsystems are all in a state of disorder and confusion

−1 < U < 0

Low synergy

Subsystems development are not balanced, and one subsystem is in a state of disorder

U = 0

Suboptimal synergy

Subsystems develop somewhat slowly or in relative disorder

0 < U < 1

Moderate synergy

Subsystems develop orderly but are relatively unbalanced

U = 1

High Synergy

High-level subsystem balance and orderly development