Table 1 Items and factor loadings.

From: Role-playing after 6 pm: conceptualization, scale development, and validation of formalistic overtime behavior in the Chinese workplace

Item

Factor loading

Study 2 (EFA)

Study 3 (CFA)

Study 4

Study 5

During unpaid overtime, I pretend to move around the office frequently under the pretext of work.

0.70

0.75

0.67

0.69

During unpaid overtime, I deliberately make my work area appear very busy.

0.73

0.79

0.78

0.73

During unpaid overtime, I pretend to be busy or focused when others pass by.

0.73

0.75

0.78

0.74

I intentionally leave some daytime work until the unpaid overtime period.

0.75

0.72

0.76

0.77

During unpaid overtime, I slow down my work pace while appearing busy on the surface.

0.74

0.78

0.77

0.80

During unpaid overtime, I deliberately complicate simple work tasks.

0.77

0.83

0.74

0.69

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