Table 5 Structural model results.
Relationship | Beta | SD | t-value | CI lower | CI upper | Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study 1 | H1: CSES → WTI | 0.06 | 0.03 | 1.85 | 0.00 | 0.13 | Not Supported |
H2: CSES → LHS | 0.32 | 0.04 | 7.87*** | 0.23 | 0.39 | Supported | |
H3: CSES → PV | 0.13 | 0.04 | 2.97** | 0.05 | 0.22 | Supported | |
LHS → WTI | 0.17 | 0.04 | 4.38*** | 0.09 | 0.24 | – | |
PV → WTI | 0.64 | 0.04 | 14.57*** | 0.55 | 0.72 | – | |
LHS → PV | 0.38 | 0.06 | 6.37*** | 0.26 | 0.50 | – | |
H4: CSES → LHS → WTI | 0.05 | 0.01 | 3.55*** | 0.03 | 0.08 | Supported | |
H5: CSES → PV → WTI | 0.09 | 0.03 | 2.90** | 0.03 | 0.15 | Supported | |
H6: CSES → LHS → PV → WTI | 0.08 | 0.02 | 5.13*** | 0.05 | 0.11 | Supported | |
Study 2 | H1: CSES → WTI | 0.04 | 0.04 | 1.35 | −0.02 | 0.11 | Not Supported |
H2: CSES → LHS | 0.44 | 0.04 | 10.78*** | 0.36 | 0.51 | Supported | |
H3: CSES → PV | 0.11 | 0.04 | 2.51* | 0.02 | 0.18 | Supported | |
LHS → WTI | 0.20 | 0.07 | 2.84** | 0.06 | 0.34 | – | |
PV → WTI | 0.57 | 0.07 | 8.40*** | 0.43 | 0.70 | – | |
LHS → PV | 0.61 | 0.05 | 11.56*** | 0.51 | 0.71 | – | |
H4: CSES → LHS → WTI | 0.09 | 0.03 | 2.79** | 0.20 | 0.34 | Supported | |
H5: CSES → PV → WTI | 0.06 | 0.03 | 2.32* | 0.01 | 0.11 | Supported | |
H6: CSES → LHS → PV → WTI | 0.15 | 0.03 | 5.45*** | 0.10 | 0.21 | Supported |