Fig. 5

Spatial regression distributions of global SST and precipitation for 1870–2022 (a). Spatial regression distributions of 200 hPa geopotential height and precipitation for 1961–2022 (b). Water vapor flux anomalies for the ten wettest years (c), and the ten driest years (d). Eleven-year running correlations of observed IOD (red), ENSO (blue) (e) and AMO (brown), and PDO (green) indices (f) with reconstructed precipitation.