Table 1 Historical records of plague outbreaks and extreme drought events range from 1814 to 1900 in Yunnan Province.

1816

2

Yongbei, Mengzi

[1] [2]

1816

The harvest has failed, and the people are starving to the point of eating grass and bark

[20] [21]

1819

1

Zhanyi

[1]

1817

Low rainfall and high price of rice

[20] [21]

1820

3

Jingdong, Yuanjiang, Jianshui

[1] [3] [4]

1819

The drought has made the crops poor

[20] [21]

1823

1

Qujing

[1]

1820

Drought

[20]

1824

1

Jingdong

[1]

1824

Drought

[20]

1825

5

Langqiong, Dengchuan, Yongbei, Heyang, Jianshui

[1] [3] [5]

1826

Frequent droughts

[20]

1827

3

Xundian, Jianshui, Mengzi

[1] [2] [3]

1832

Drought, reservoirs unable to hold water, and no replenishment of water for crops in the fields

[20] [21]

1828

1

Anning

[1]

1838

Successive droughts

[20]

1844

1

Chuxiong

[6]

1848

Drought

[20]

1851

1

Dali

[7]

1849

Low rainfall and severe drought prevented the planting and harvesting of crops

[21]

1852

1

Heyang

[1]

1851

A great drought makes it impossible to sow rice, and the grain harvest fails

[20]

1854

4

Menghua, Baiyanjing, Chuxiong

[1] [6] [8][9]

1852

High temperatures, heat, and drought

[21]

1856

5

Baiyanjing, Lijiang,Chuxiong, Chenggong, Ninger

[1] [6] [8] [10] [11]

1853

Frequent droughts leading to food failures

[20] [21]

1858

1

Yongbei

[1]

1855

Successive droughts

[20]

1859

1

Yaozhou

[1]

1857

Drought, rising food prices

[20]

1860

1

Ninger

[1]

1858

Drought and famine have led to cannibalism and death

[20]

1861

2

Menghua, Talang

[1] [9]

1860

Heavy rains lead to flooding, submerging fields and houses

[20]

1862

6

Baiyanjing, Yaozhou, Yongchang, Mianning, Ninger, Lijiang

[1] [8] [12] [13]

1861

Drought leads to higher food prices

[20] [21]

1863

2

Kunming, Luquan

[12] [14]

1865

Drought leads to higher food prices

[20] [21]

1864

2

Menghua, Zhanyi

[1] [9]

1869

People starved to death due to drought-induced starvation, epidemics, and mass migrations

[20]

1865

2

Kunming, Talang

[1] [12]

1870

The drought has led to the abandonment of farmland and hardship for the people, who are competing to eat grass and tree bark

[20]

1867

1

Yuanjiang

[4]

1873

Food harvests are only half the average

[20]

1871

14

Yuanjiang, Chuxiong, Kunming, Yiliang, Xinxing, Songming, Shiping, Talang, Jianshui, Ninger, Xinping, Chenggong, Zhenxiong, Luxi

[1] [3] [4] [6] [12] [15] [16] [17] [18]

1874

Successive droughts

[20]

1872

13

Baiyanjing, Chuxiong, Kunming, Yiliang, Anning, Heyang, Zhanyi, Songming, Jianshui, Mengzi, Ami, Chenggong, Luxi

[1] [2] [3] [6] [8] [11] [12] [15] [19]

1875

Precipitation is scarce, and droughts starve out countless people

[20] [21]

1873

7

Yaozhou, Yongbei, Zhanyi, Jianshui, Mengzi, Ami, Luxi

[1] [2] [3] [19]

1878

Food crop failure

[20] [21]

1874

2

Mianning, Ninger,

[1]

1879

Food crop failure

[20] [21]

1875

6

Dengchuan, Yaozhou, Yongchang, Yuanjiang, Kunming, Mengzi,

[1] [2] [4] [5] [12] [13]

1884

Crops have failed for years, food prices have risen, and rivers have dried up

[20]

1876

3

Baiyanjing, Jingdong, Xinping

[1] [8]

1885

Drought leads to food failure

[20]

1878

1

Yaozhou,

[1]

1886

High temperatures and heavy winds lead to crop losses, and the plague triggers a sharp decline in the population

[20] [21]

1879

3

Heqing, Yongbei, Shunning,

[1]

1893

Drought prevents fields in the province from planting crops on schedule

[20]

1881

1

Yongbei

[1]

1896

Rainfall was scarce, so the farmland was converted to buckwheat, and the people starved to death

[20]

1882

1

Zhanyi

[19]

1899

Severe drought caused food prices to rise, and the population resorted to eating wild vegetables

[20]

1889

1

Yongbei

[1]

1890

3

Menghua, Lijiang, Xinping

[9] [10] [17]

1891

1

Yongbei

[1]

1892

1

Dengchuan

[5]

1894

2

Zhanyi, Mianning

[1] [19]

1896

1

Langqiong

[1]