Table 3 IV test and reverse causality test.
From: Crisis shocks, executive confidence and strategic change: a study based on US Entity List sanctions
Variable | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Crisis | Crisis2 | Change | Crisis2 | |
Crisis | 0.240** | |||
(0.106) | ||||
Crisis2 | –0.185* | |||
(0.108) | ||||
IV | 0.894*** | –0.105 | ||
(0.151) | (0.112) | |||
IV2 | –0.049 | 1.188*** | ||
(0.201) | (0.193) | |||
Change | -0.313 | |||
(0.239) | ||||
Controls | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Constant | –3.985 | –1.270 | –0.922 | 25.369** |
(2.208) | (1.660) | (1.357) | (12.443) | |
Observations | 596 | 596 | 596 | 270 |
R-squared | 0.154 | 0.121 | 0.835 | 0.163 |
Ind fix | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Year fix | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
ID fix | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Kleibergen‒Paap rk LM | 23.35*** | - | ||
Cragg–Donald Wald F statistic | 36.78 | - | ||
