Table 7 Heterogeneity analysis of the effect of preschool attendance on student’s non-cognition development.

From: Preschool education and non-cognitive skills: evidence from rural China’s junior high students

Panel A: variables

Ages

Gender

Only child

Left-behind students

≥13 years

<13 years

Male

Female

Yes

No

Yes

No

Preschool attendance (1 = yes 0 = no)

0.312***

0.524**

0.301**

0.291***

0.272

0.303***

0.124

0.382***

 

(0.089)

(0.223)

(0.120)

(0.113)

(0.188)

(0.092)

(0.151)

(0.098)

Students characteristics

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Family characteristics

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

County fixed effects

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Constant

1.292***

1.800

3.349***

3.370***

5.452***

2.871***

1.016

4.174***

 

(0.289)

(1.902)

(0.704)

(0.660)

(0.933)

(0.578)

(1.205)

(0.547)

R2

0.084

0.112

0.066

0.117

0.085

0.093

0.085

0.086

Observations

8018

1425

4826

4617

2508

6935

2469

6974

Panel B: variables

Boarding at school

Father has high school education or above

Mother has high school education or above

Family economics status is bottom

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Housework participation (1 = yes 0 = no)

0.364***

0.229*

0.041

0.356***

0.158

0.316***

0.278*

0.317***

 

(0.114)

(0.119)

(0.204)

(0.091)

(0.268)

(0.087)

(0.150)

(0.099)

Students characteristics

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Family characteristics

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

County fixed effects

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Constant

2.935

4.887***

5.296***

3.249***

4.105***

3.442***

1.842*

4.083***

 

(3.128)

(0.632)

(1.052)

(0.549)

(1.334)

(0.524)

(1.055)

(0.551)

R2

0.060

0.117

0.092

0.088

0.076

0.088

0.075

0.083

Observations

4476

4967

1818

7625

1288

8155

2554

6889

  1. *, **, and *** indicate statistical significance at the 10%,5%,and 1% levels, respectively.
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