Table 1 Summary of data description and sources.

From: Green growth and sustainable energy transitions: evaluating the critical role of technology, resource efficiency, and innovation in Europe’s low-carbon future

Variables

Symbols

Sources

Units

Green Growth (GDP/CO2 emissions)

GG

WDI

CO2 (Metric tons per capita)

Technological Innovation (R&D)

TI

WDI

% of GDP

Renewable Energy Consumption

REC

WDI

% of total final energy consumption

Globalization Index

KOFGI

KOF Swiss Economic Institute

Index (0–100)

Natural Resource Rents

NRR

WDI

% of GDP

Gross Domestic Product

GDP

WDI

Constant US $ 2015

  1. Source: Author’s own compilation.
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