Table 5 Westerlund and Pedroni cointegration test.

From: Green growth and sustainable energy transitions: evaluating the critical role of technology, resource efficiency, and innovation in Europe’s low-carbon future

Pedroni cointegration test

   

Test Statistic

Value

p−value

 

Modified Phillips–Perron t

2.7258

0.0032

 

Phillips–Perron t

−2.5531

0.0053

 

Augmented Dickey–Fuller t

−1.6303

0.0515

 

Westerlund cointegration test

   

Statistic

Value

Z-value

P-value

Gt

−1.355

5.498

1.000

Ga

−3.765

6.875

1.000