Table 4 Direct, indirect, and moderation effects.
H1-H65 | Structural path | estimate(β) | S.E. | Est./S.E. | p value | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Direct Effect | ||||||
H1 | Passive → Active (+) | 0.640 | 0.015 | 41.79 | 0.000*** | Supported |
H2 | Active → Constructive (+) | 0.822 | 0.010 | 84.413 | 0.000*** | Supported |
H3 | Constructive → Interactive (+) | 0.797 | 0.011 | 75.762 | 0.000*** | Supported |
Indirect effect (mediation) | ||||||
H4 | Passive → Active → Constructive → Interactive (+) | 0.419 | 0.014 | 30.197 | 0.000*** | Supported |
H5 | Active → Constructive → Interactive (+) | 0.655 | 0.013 | 51.974 | 0.000*** | Supported |
Moderation effect | ||||||
H6-Gender | Gender×Passive → Active | 0.022 | 0.044 | 0.504 | 0.615 | Not supported |
Gender×Active → Constructive | 0.075 | 0.062 | 1.213 | 0.225 | Not supported | |
Gender×Constructive → Interactive | 0.031 | 0.041 | 0.762 | 0.446 | Not supported | |
H7-Countries | NonEU_EU×Passive → Active | 0.020 | 0.018 | 1.160 | 0.246 | Not supported |
NonEU_EU×Active → Constructive | 0.162 | 0.024 | 2.577 | 0.010** | Supported | |
NonEU_EU×Constructive → Interactive | 0.139 | 0.017 | 8.385 | 0.011** | Supported | |
H9-Experience | Experience×Passive → Active | -0.050 | 0.020 | -2.500 | 0.012** | Supported |
Experience×Active → Constructive | -0.043 | 0.016 | -2.678 | 0.007** | Supported | |
Experience×Constructive → Interactive | -0.008 | 0.017 | 0.123 | 0.614 | Not supported | |
H10-Age | Age×Passive → Active | -0.025 | 0.018 | -1.426 | 0.154 | Not supported |
Age×Active → Constructive | 0.000 | 0.016 | 0.014 | 0.989 | Not supported | |
Age×Constructive → Interactive | -0.003 | 0.016 | -0.179 | 0.858 | Not supported | |
