Fig. 5: Engagement patterns of different user groups in criticizing Qatar over time.
From: Soft disempowerment dynamics in the 2022 FIFA World Cup
A Percentage of users within each group (general users, media, NGOs and Western politicians) who tweeted criticisms of Qatar before ([B]), during ([D]) and/or after ([A]) the World Cup. B Tweeting patterns are grouped into eight distinct categories based on the timing of criticism. For instance, users belonging to the top row (pattern-filled boxes for [B]-[D]-[A]) tweeted criticisms before, during and after the World Cup. C Example tweets from selected media, NGO, and Western politician accounts. Note that these examples are not exhaustive, and URLs/images have been removed for clarity.
