Table 15 Heterogeneity analysis results of whether to establish high-tech zones.

From: How does the digital economy reshape the geographical patterns of manufacturing enterprises? Empirical evidence from China

 

High-tech zone

Non high-tech zone

 

Direct effects

Indirect effects

Total effects

Direct effects

Indirect effects

Total effects

digi

0.138*** (0.0206)

4.350*** (1.287)

4.488*** (1.297)

0.0372** (0.0163)

1.276*** (0.317)

1.313*** (0.322)

lnpgdp

0.0616 (0.0461)

–0.619 (1.241)

–0.558 (1.257)

0.0361** (0.0142)

0.228* (0.136)

0.264* (0.141)

fix

–0.0802*** (0.0295)

–0.0112 (0.178)

–0.0914 (0.183)

–0.0881*** (0.0108)

0.0502 (0.0656)

–0.0379 (0.0678)

fdi

0.611* (0.354)

21.57 (16.07)

22.19 (16.35)

1.382*** (0.406)

32.57** (14.93)

33.95** (15.23)

gov

-0.00740 (0.151)

–12.69 (8.183)

–12.70 (8.279)

–0.137 (0.195)

–3.038 (6.586)

–3.176 (6.704)

edu

0.457*** (0.124)

–1.036 (1.699)

–0.579 (1.747)

–0.0443 (0.0458)

0.567 (0.592)

0.523 (0.611)

fina

0.142*** (0.0214)

3.239*** (1.154)

3.381*** (1.167)

0.161*** (0.0240)

3.637*** (0.758)

3.797*** (0.767)

  1. Notes: *, **, and *** denote statistical significance at the 10%, 5%, and 1% levels, respectively. Standard errors clustered at the city level are presented in the parentheses.
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