Table 3 Placebo test results.
(1) 100% fake treatments | (2) 75% fake treatments | (3) 50% fake treatments | (4) 25% fake treatments | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
HSR | 0.038 (0.158) | 0.643 (0.449) | 0.890. (0.530) | 1.117. (0.582) |
Socio-economic factors | ||||
o_apop | −0.327 (0.223) | 0.752 (0.634) | 0.628 (0.776) | 2.423** (0.891) |
o_GDP | 1.027. (0.585) | 2.003 (1.482) | 0.267 (1.589) | −0.176 (1.528) |
d_apop | −0.729*** (0.215) | −1.744** (0.610) | −0.951 (0.726) | −0.830 (0.762) |
d_GDP | −2.604*** (0.508) | −9.583*** (1.339) | −11.024*** (1.458) | −10.753*** (1.513) |
Hospitalization factors | ||||
o_hospital | 0.999* (0.457) | −0.107 (1.324) | −0.592 (1.496) | −2.071 (1.571) |
o_UBMI | 0.007 (0.031) | 0.043 (0.081) | −0.013 (0.083) | 0.045 (0.086) |
d_hospital | 0.276 (0.464) | −0.382 (1.345) | 0.873 (1.654) | 1.512 (1.719) |
d_UBMI | −0.012 (0.026) | −0.202** (0.070) | −0.157* (0.079) | −0.228** (0.082) |
Transportation factors | ||||
o_passenger | 0.015 (0.069) | −0.057 (0.202) | 0.047 (0.222) | 0.079 (0.247) |
o_bc | −0.453 (0.727) | 0.382 (1.758) | 0.750 (1.753) | 0.230 (1.580) |
d_ passenger | 0.094 (0.108) | −0.252 (0.290) | 0.068 (0.341) | −0.045 (0.344) |
d_bc | 5.340*** (0.562) | 11.056*** (1.435) | 13.644*** (1.495) | 12.167*** (1.617) |
Observations (N) | 30000 | 30000 | 30000 | 30000 |
R2 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.010 | 0.011 |
F-Statistic | 11.378*** | 11.369*** | 13.130*** | 12.462*** |
Hausman test (χ2) | 159.420*** | 211.300*** | 102.41*** | 151.37*** |
Dicky Fuller test | −72.334*** | −74.261*** | −69.520*** | −70.873*** |
BG test (χ2) | 4037.4*** | 5852.5*** | 4861.5*** | 4955.1*** |
BP test | 6865455.0*** | 10579319.0*** | 4085696.0*** | 4077871.0*** |
