Table 5 Information of fundamental cause coding sub-nodes.

From: Influencing factors for sustainable high-quality implementation of comprehensive practical activity courses in rural areas

Fundamental cause

Free node name

Reference point content examples

Top-level design is in the exploratory phase

Course status is inconsistent with its nature

We are given too few lessons

There is much overlap in the course forms

Like STEAM courses, a hodgepodge

Too many course activities

It’s too scattered and my energy can’t keep up a bit

Teaching staff is fragmented, weakened, and their development is limited

Serious lack of full-time teaching staff

I originally taught history

Teachers lack the necessary competencies

It is not as easy to teach as other subjects

Teacher development paths are not smooth

When I have doubts and difficulties, I don’t know who to turn to for solutions

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