Fig. 4: Structural equation modeling results for hypothesized relationships.

This figure displays the SEM path model testing the six proposed hypotheses. Standardized path coefficients and significance levels are shown for each directional relationship. The highlighted path from Legal Awareness to Perceived Legal Effectiveness (β = 0.48, p < 0.001) indicates a substantial positive effect, supporting the argument that individuals with stronger legal awareness perceive legal systems as more effective in promoting sustainable development.