Fig. 4: Structural equation modeling results for hypothesized relationships. | Humanities and Social Sciences Communications

Fig. 4: Structural equation modeling results for hypothesized relationships.

From: Bridging the legal divide: evaluating stakeholder awareness, regulatory effectiveness, and governance gaps in sustainable development across urban and rural China

Fig. 4: Structural equation modeling results for hypothesized relationships.

This figure displays the SEM path model testing the six proposed hypotheses. Standardized path coefficients and significance levels are shown for each directional relationship. The highlighted path from Legal Awareness to Perceived Legal Effectiveness (β = 0.48, p < 0.001) indicates a substantial positive effect, supporting the argument that individuals with stronger legal awareness perceive legal systems as more effective in promoting sustainable development.

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