Table 8 Total effect, direct effect, and mediating effect.

From: The interrelationship of key factors affecting the learning outcomes of liberal arts majors: an empirical study

Self-efficacy-Final Grades

Effect Value

Coefficient Product Test

95% confidence interval

Conclusion

SE

z

p

Lower limit

Upper limit

Direct Effect

0.095

0.074

1.288

0.198

0.046

0.334

Partial Mediation

Total Effect

0.161

0.061

2.613

0.010

0.040

0.281

Mediating Effect

0.593

0.033

17.969

0.000

0.528

0.658

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