Table 3 Variable adaptation, reference sources, and reliability.
Category | Scale adaptation source | Key references | Cronbach’s alpha | No. of Items | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Functional experience factors | Self-optimality | Online Self-Presentation Motives Scale (four-factor Facebook version) | Seidman (2014) | 0.793 | 3 |
Usability | The System Usability Scale (SUS) | Bangor et al. (2009) | 0.827 | 3 | |
Selectivity | Perceived Mate-Availability Scale (PMAS) | Thomas et al. (2022) | 0.857 | 3 | |
Agglomerativity | In-group Identification Scale (five-dimension version) | Lickel et al. (2000) | 0.842 | 3 | |
Difference of initiative | Heterosexual Dating-Role Beliefs Scale | Eaton and Rose (2011) | 0.843 | 3 | |
Personal factors | Casual sex | The SOI-R short-term mating subscale Sociosexuality construct | O’Shea et al. (2019) Simpson and Gangestad (1991) | 0.866 | 3 |
Self-fulfillment | The brief index of self-actualization in Maslow’s model | Sumerlin and Bundrick (1996) | 0.864 | 3 | |
Curiosity | Curiosity and Exploration Inventory-II (CEI-II) | Kashdan et al. (2009) | 0.751 | 3 | |
Identity | Identity Motives Scale (self-verification and belonging subscales) | Cheek et al. (2002) | 0.803 | 3 | |
Loneliness | UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3) | Russell (1996) | 0.794 | 3 | |
Social factors | Traditional ethics | Traditional Egalitarian Sex Role (TESR) Scale Sexual Liberalism/Conservatism Scale Schwartz’s Value Survey (SSVS) | Larsen and Long (1988) Guerra and Gouveia (2007) Schwartz (1992) | 0.817 | 3 |
Social barrier | Online Privacy Concern & Boundary-Management Scale Side effects of computer-mediated communication (the social identity model of deindividuation effects) | Buchanan et al. (2007) Postmes et al. (1998) | 0.823 | 3 | |
Dating app addiction | Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) Internet Related Problem Scale | Kwon et al. (2014) Armstrong et al. (2000) | 0.977 | 20 | |
