Table 2 Emotional exhaustion among Ukrainian academic staff across waves and levels.

From: Progressive intensification of burnout among academic staff during the war

Predictors

General, FE model

Levels of EE

Wave 1

Wave 2

Wave 3

Low

Moderate

High

Low

Moderate

High

Low

Moderate

High

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

Age

−2.349*

−0.284

0.108

−1.200

0.939

0.118

0.531

−0.966

0.412

−0.705

(0.646)

(0.700)

(0.337)

(0.811)

(1.170)

(0.691)

(1.375)

(1.317)

(0.603)

(0.909)

Gender Women

7.000*

3.539*

0.776

0.814

2.503

0.732

2.629

−1.283

−0.895

−5.286*

(1.282)

(1.285)

(0.690)

(1.756)

(2.283)

(1.926)

(3.285)

(2.802)

(1.130)

(1.735)

Scientific degree

1.387**

0.523

0.149

0.277

−1.172

−0.210

0.733

0.821

0.331

1.985**

(0.590)

(0.646)

(0.315)

(0.643)

(1.117)

(0.685)

(1.329)

(1.187)

(0.606)

(0.934)

University relocation

−6.951*

−0.176

0.0274

0.509

1.144

−0.540

1.547

−1.720

−2.106

−7.372*

(1.354)

(1.479)

(0.719)

(1.598)

(3.651)

(1.576)

(2.912)

(3.106)

(1.333)

(2.012)

Migration status

2.426**

0.980

−0.143

−1.669

−3.565

−1.391

−4.614***

−2.831

3.848*

5.523*

(1.211)

(1.358)

(0.652)

(1.217)

(3.532)

(1.393)

(2.518)

(3.193)

(1.354)

(1.905)

Cons

49.48*

18.87*

40.85*

67.01*

24.38*

42.68*

60.68*

27.82*

39.42*

71.63*

(2.329)

(2.643)

(1.198)

(2.766)

(4.375)

(2.895)

(5.497)

(4.815)

(2.282)

(3.279)

ρ

0.120

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

N

1493

210

212

414

44

59

125

55

66

308

  1. The dependent variable – EE—is in the percent.
  2. Model: reg emot_ Age Women Degree Univ_Reloc_Yes Migr_stat_Yes.
  3. cons—The constant term in the regression model, representing the baseline level of the dependent variable (EE, DP, or PA) when all dimensions are zero.
  4. ρ—Proportion of variance in the dependent variable explained by stable, unobserved individual traits (e.g., personality or resilience). Higher ρ indicates a greater influence of intrinsic factors, while lower ρ suggests external factors dominate.
  5. Note: Standard errors in parentheses.
  6. *** p < 0.10, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.01.