Table 7 Unit root test.

From: Digitalization and institutional quality as drivers of global value chains: evidence from ASEAN using CS-ARDL Analysis

 

CIPS

CADF

Variable

Level

1st diff

level

1st diff

GVC

0.777

−2.988***

−0.055

−3.163***

GDP

−2.166

−2.881***

−1.095

−3.629***

EM

−0.77

−3.496***

−0.93

−2.798***

IQ

−2.164

−5.066***

−2.512**

−3.325***

DGT

−0.479

−3.498***

−0.805

−2.525**

NRR

−1.725

−3.782***

−2.786***

−4.066***

  1. **p < 0.10, ***p < 0.01.
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