Table 2 Confirmatory factor analysis results (N = 331).

From: CSL learners’ acceptance and use of ChatGPT: an extended technology readiness and technology acceptance model

Construct

Items

Mean

SD

Standardized factor loading

Cronbach’s Alpha

CR

AVE

Optimism (OPT)

OPT1

3.47

0.970

0.744

0.88

0.88

0.65

OPT2

3.69

0.928

0.822

OPT3

3.74

0.943

0.825

OPT4

3.61

0.977

0.820

Innovativeness (INN)

INN1

3.07

1.177

0.594

0.70

0.69

0.36

INN2

2.42

1.343

0.522

INN3

3.26

1.235

0.549

INN4

3.19

1.125

0.726

Discomfort (DIS)

DIS1

2.76

1.230

0.562

0.71

0.72

0.46

DIS3

2.67

1.187

0.660

DIS4

2.66

1.126

0.795

Insecurity (INS)

INS2

3.08

1.135

0.716

0.75

0.75

0.50

INS3

3.04

1.199

0.756

INS4

2.90

1.160

0.656

Trust (TRU)

TRU1

3.11

1.016

0.714

0.83

0.84

0.56

TRU2

3.12

0.962

0.808

TRU3

3.16

0.924

0.751

TRU4

3.54

0.878

0.726

Perceived ease of use (PEOU)

PEOU1

3.46

1.018

0.623

0.72

0.75

0.50

PEOU2

3.49

0.906

0.759

PEOU3

3.37

0.977

0.722

Perceived usefulness (PU)

PU1

3.44

0.981

0.753

0.88

0.88

0.64

PU2

3.52

0.986

0.822

PU3

3.38

1.003

0.802

PU4

3.53

0.970

0.823

Attitude to use (ATU)

ATU1

3.49

0.970

0.844

0.82

0.83

0.62

ATU2

3.34

0.977

0.777

ATU3

3.47

0.935

0.731

Intention to use (ITU)

ITU1

3.77

1.027

0.727

0.86

0.87

0.69

ITU2

3.59

1.021

0.888

ITU3

3.54

1.033

0.869

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