Table 5 Stability of the equilibrium point: \((1-\varepsilon {)\sigma R}_{A} > (1-{\mu }_{A}){E}_{A}^{2}/2+{C}_{3A}\) and \((1-{\nu )\tau R}_{B} > (1-{\mu }_{B}){E}_{B}^{2}/2+{C}_{3B}\).

From: Fiscal centralization versus decentralization of transport infrastructure operation and maintenance

Equilibrium points

Signs of eigenvalues

Stability

\({k}_{1}\)

\({k}_{2}\)

\({k}_{3}\)

\({E}_{1}\left(\mathrm{0,0,0}\right)\)

unsure

+

+

Non-ESS

\({E}_{2}\left(\mathrm{1,0,0}\right)\)

unsure

+

+

Non-ESS

\({E}_{3}\left(\mathrm{0,1,0}\right)\)

unsure

+

Non-ESS

\({E}_{4}\left(\mathrm{0,0,1}\right)\)

unsure

+

Non-ESS

\({E}_{5}\left(\mathrm{1,1,0}\right)\)

unsure

+

Non-ESS

\({E}_{6}\left(\mathrm{1,0,1}\right)\)

unsure

+

Non-ESS

\({E}_{7}\left(\mathrm{0,1,1}\right)\)

ESS

\({E}_{8}\left(\mathrm{1,1,1}\right)\)

+

Non-ESS