Table 2 The demographic characteristics of the sample.

Variables	Items	Sample size	Percentage
Gender	Male	535	51.5
Gender	Female	504	48.5
Age	18–35	623	60.0
Age	36–50	416	40.0
Household income (Note: 1 RMB = 0.14 USD)	≤50,000 RMB	248	23.9
	50,001– 250,000 RMB	375	36.1
	250,001–450,000 RMB	266	25.6
	450,001–650,000 RMB	103	9.9
	≥650,001 RMB	47	4.5
Household registration status	Urban local	307	29.5
	Rural local	347	33.4
	Urban migrant	269	25.9
	Rural migrant	39	3.8
	Others	77	7.4

To evaluate sample representativeness, the gender ratio, education level, and occupational structure were compared with official statistics from the Suzhou Statistical Yearbook (2023) and the Seventh National Population Census. The results show that the sample’s gender composition (male: 49.6%; female: 50.4%) and occupational distribution closely align with the citywide youth population (differences <3%), while the proportion of respondents holding a bachelor’s degree or above (62.7%) is moderately higher than the official figure (58.3%). This indicates a slight overrepresentation of higher-educated youth, which is common in voluntary survey data but does not materially affect the validity or generalizability of the analysis.

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