Table 1 Convergent validity.

Green HR Practices (GHRP)

This company sets goals related to environmental protection for its staff

0.874

0.954

0.955

0.813

This company trains the staff on environmental issues to promote ecological values

0.899

This company provides its staff with training in ecological topics to develop the knowledge and skills necessary for environmental management

0.935

This company takes into account the ecological behavior of its staff in performance evaluations

0.909

This company provides rewards and compensation to the staff for implementing eco-friendly behaviors within their work activities

0.894

This company takes into account the ecological behaviors of its staff in promotions and advancements

0.896

Green Human Capital (GHC)

The employees of this company produce with a contribution to environmental protection in mind

0.882

0.932

0.941

0.788

The employees of this company have adequate competence in environmental protection

0.913

The employees of this company offer high-quality products and services for environmental protection.

0.920

In this company the level of cooperation and teamwork towards environmental protection is carried out at high levels

0.930

Managers can fully support their employees in carrying out their environmental protection tasks

0.786

Green Structural Capital (GSC)

This company has management processes aligned with environmental protection

0.832

0.951

0.951

0.746

This company has a high percentage of environmental management employees compared to the total number of employees

0.843

This company makes an adequate investment in environmental protection facilities

0.895

The general operational processes towards environmental protection in this company operate efficiently

0.907

The knowledge management system in this company is favorable for the accumulation and exchange of knowledge on environmental management

0.905

This company has formed a committee to advance key issues in environmental protection

0.884

This company has established detailed environmental protection standards and regulations

0.852

This company has established a system of rewards/incentives for the fulfillment of environmental tasks

0.784

Green Relational Capital (GRC)

This company develops its products or services respecting the environmental wishes of the community where it operates

0.899

0.949

0.950

0.832

The community is satisfied with the environmental protection actions carried out by this company

0.913

The cooperative relationships of this company with the community for environmental protection are stable

0.928

The cooperation relationships of this company with its clients are oriented towards environmental protection

0.919

The cooperation relationships of this company with its strategic partners are oriented towards environmental protection

0.906

Green Competitive Advantage (GCA)

This company has a low-cost competitive advantage in terms of environmental protection or green innovation over its major competitors.

0.840

0.953

0.955

0.705

This company offers better quality products or services based on respect for the environment

0.884

This company has a greater capacity to carry out R&D (research and development) in environmental protection or green innovation

0.821

This company has environmental management skills

0.853

This company is achieving greater profitability compared to previous years

0.750

The growth of this company is due to its activities being environmentally friendly

0.878

This company is a pioneer in several important areas of environmentally friendly products or services

0.890

This company has an adequate environmental reputation

0.851

This company has an important competitor that cannot easily replicate its production or services in an environmentally respectful manner and/or with environmental ideas

0.819

This company has significant competitors who cannot easily replace its distinctive position in environmental management or green innovation

0.799