Table 2 Network topology inference models.

From: Evolution and proximity analysis of oil and natural gas trade networks among the Belt and Road Initiative countries

Indicator

Connotation

Geographical Significance

Equation

Degree

The average number of edges connected to all nodes in the network

The activity level of oil and natural gas trade networks

\({C}_{d}(x)=d(x)\)

(1)

Weighted Degree

The average weight of the connecting edges of all nodes in the network

The scale of the oil and natural gas trade networks

\({DC}=\frac{1}{n-1}{k}_{i}\)

(2)

Graph density

The ratio of the actual number of edges possessed by the network to the maximum possible number of edges

The completeness of the oil and natural gas trade networks

\(d(G)=\frac{2m}{n(n-1)}\)

(3)

Average clustering coefficient

The ratio of the number of edges between a node and all its adjacent points to the maximum possible number of edges

Parameters of oil and natural gas trade networks aggregation

\(C=\frac{1}{n}\mathop{\sum }\limits_{i=1}^{n}\frac{{\sum }_{i,k,h\in {N}_{i}}{e}_{{jk}}{e}_{{kh}}}{{k}_{i}({k}_{i}-1)/2}\)

(4)

Average path length

The average distance between any two nodes

The accessibility efficiency of oil and natural gas trade networks

\(L=\frac{{\sum }_{i\ne j}{d}_{{ij}}}{N(N-1)}\)

(5)