Table 4 Estimation results of the impact of rural AIS integration on the urban-rural income gap.

\({{\rm{i}}{\rm{ngap}}}_{-1}\)

0.630***

0.106

0.642***

0.078

\({{\rm{theil}}}_{-1}\)

0.572***

0.098

aisin

−0.474***

0.183

−0.443**

0.203

−0.029**

0.014

urban

−0.664**

0.305

−0.943***

0.278

−0.123***

0.038

inter

0.141*

0.0729

0.086*

0.052

0.013**

0.005

rpcap

0.111

0.200

0.030

0.181

0.003***

0.001

hucap

−0.044

0.061

−0.019

0.034

−0.000

0.002

polic

0.071*

0.036

0.022*

0.012

0.003***

0.001

fiser

0.128

0.098

0.321***

0.116

0.008

0.007

constant

1.613**

0.740

0.107***

0.032

AR(1) z value (P value)

−2.36

(0.018)

−3.08

(0.002)

−1.79

(0.073)

AR(2) z value (P value)

−0.65

(0.515)

−1.40

(0.160)

−1.31

(0.189)

Hansen test (P value)

27.18

(0.165)

25.39

(0.148)

23.19

(0.143)

Instruments

30

27

26

Observations

420

420

420

420

420