Table 8 Results of reliability and convergent validity analysis.

From: The socio-technical engine driving hotel live streaming engagement: insights from PLS-SEM, NCA, and cIPMA

Constructs

Items

Loadings

Cronbach’s α

rho_A

CR

AVE

Social presence (SP)

SP1

0.895

0.884

0.892

0.920

0.742

SP2

0.855

SP3

0.852

SP4

0.843

Real-time interactivity (RTI)

RTI1

0.882

0.839

0.853

0.892

0.674

RTI2

0.761

RTI3

0.818

RTI4

0.819

Visibility (VIS)

VIS1

0.908

0.880

0.883

0.918

0.736

VIS2

0.846

VIS3

0.843

VIS4

0.832

Metavoicing (ME)

ME1

0.903

0.866

0.871

0.909

0.714

ME2

0.833

ME3

0.820

ME4

0.820

Guidance shopping (GS)

GS1

0.914

0.896

0.901

0.928

0.763

GS2

0.839

GS3

0.863

GS4

0.877

Absorption experience (AE)

AE1

0.905

0.905

0.906

0.934

0.779

AE2

0.874

AE3

0.879

AE4

0.872

Non-monetary engagement (NME)

NME1

0.929

0.917

0.926

0.938

0.752

NME2

0.840

NME3

0.837

NME4

0.866

NME5

0.862

Purchasing intention (PI)

PI1

0.866

0.834

0.836

0.900

0.750

PI2

0.875

PI3

0.858

  1. CR composite reliability, AVE average variance extracted.
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