Fig. 4: Arctic Sea-ice Area (SIA), albedo, and surface heat flux (SHF) sensitivity to AER and GHG forcings.
From: Stronger Arctic amplification from anthropogenic aerosols than from greenhouse gases
a Annual SIA sensitivity under AER (blue markers) and GHG/CO2 (red markers) for each model, along with the difference between them (yellow markers). b, c The same as a, but for July, August, and September mean (JAS, warm season) albedo sensitivity, and for October, November, and December mean (OND, cold season) SHF sensitivity. SHF is defined as the sum of net longwave radiation, net shortwave radiation, sensible heat fluxes and latent heat fluxes at the surface. Large hexagonal markers indicate the multi-model mean values, and the number of ensemble members in each model is indicated in parentheses of the figure legend.
