Table 1 The time-lag based on the spatial correlations between the variables in the Historical and Hist-GHG simulations from pentads 25–40 over the region 20°–45°N, 105°–120°E (Unit: pentad)

Pentad	SSR	θ_se	T₈₅₀	T₅₀₀	q₈₅₀	V₈₅₀	V₅₀₀	WPSH^*	H_e^*	U₂₀₀	WJ^*
25	−2	−2	−1	−1	−1	1	−2	−1	0	−1	3
26	−3	−1	−1	1	−1	−1	−4	1	−2	0	0
27	−4	−2	−1	0	−2	−2	−4	0	−2	−1	1
28	−4	−1	0	0	0	−1	1	0	1	0	1
29	−3	−1	−1	0	0	0	−1	1	0	0	0
30	−4	0	−1	−1	0	−1	−1	0	0	1	−1
31	−3	−2	−1	0	−1	−1	−1	−1	−1	0	0
32	0	0	−1	0	0	1	0	0	−1	0	0
33	−1	−1	−1	−1	−1	0	−1	0	−1	−1	0
34	−2	−2	−1	−1	−2	−1	−1	0	−1	−2	−1
35	0	−1	−1	−1	−1	0	0	0	0	−1	−1
36	−1	−1	−1	−1	0	0	0	0	0	−1	−1
37	0	−1	−1	0	−1	0	0	0	0	0	0
38	0	−1	−1	−1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
39	0	−1	−2	−1	−1	−2	0	0	0	0	−1
40	−1	−2	3	−1	−1	−1	−1	−1	2	−1	−1
41	−2	−2	−1	−1	−2	−1	−1	−1	1	−1	−1
42	−3	2	−1	−2	2	1	−1	0	1	−1	−1

^*The negative value indicates the specific pentad(s) of Historical simulations lagged behind the Hist-GHG simulations, and vice versa.
^*T, q, U, V indicate the temperature, specific humidity, zonal and meridional wind at the specific level, respectively.
^*WPSH, H_e and WJ indicate the strength of subtropical high, eddy geopotential height at 500 hPa and westerly jet at 200 hPa.
^*WPSH and H_e are averaged over the WPSH region (0°–40°N, 90°–150°E).
^*WJ is averaged over the region 35°–50°N, 90°–120°E.

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