Fig. 6: Summary schematic. | npj Climate and Atmospheric Science

Fig. 6: Summary schematic.

From: China coasts facing more tropical cyclone risks during the second decaying summer of double-year La Niña events

Fig. 6: Summary schematic.

Northeasterly anomaly generated by enhanced Azores High since MAM (March-April-May) cools the TNA, which triggers Kelvin waves propagating eastward with westerlies penetrating in the western North Pacific (WNP). The enhanced westerlies intensify the upward latent heat flux over the eastern Indian Ocean, resulting in local cooling via WES feedback and downward latent heat flux over the FWNP (110°–150°E), favoring the asymmetric heat distribution pattern. Increased heat source over the FWNP and heat sink over the tropical Indian Ocean drives an anomalous vertical circulation. The cooling over the north Indian Ocean also excites a Gill response, magnifying the TNA-induced westerlies, which boosts anomalous vertical circulation and gives rise to a strong cyclonic circulation anomaly over the FWNP in JJA.

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