Fig. 4: Mechanism behind the emergent constraint.
From: Southern Ocean heat buffer constrained by present-day ENSO teleconnection
a An inter-model regression pattern of projected SOHS changes onto projected changes in ENSO teleconnection pattern (ZJ per (N m−2 s.d.−1)). The black box indicates the region where we calculated the regional average of present-day El Niño induced easterlies to constrain the SO heat content changes. b An inter-model regression pattern of projected changes in ENSO teleconnection pattern onto present-day latitudinal location of El Niño-induced easterlies (N m−2 s.d.−1 per degree C of global warming per degree of latitude). c An inter-model relationship between present-day El Niño teleconnection averaged over 0°–360°E, 55°S–65°S and its latitudinal location. The correlation coefficient, slope and p value are all indicated. d The same as c, but for projected changes. Such constraint is through El Niño-induced zonal wind anomalies over the SO which modulates Ekman transport for SO heat subduction.
