Fig. 1: ITF strength-dependent eastward propagation of the MJO.
From: Indonesian Throughflow promoted eastward propagation of the Madden-Julian Oscillation

Lead-lag composite of 20–70 day-filtered precipitation anomalies (mm day–1) with respect to (A) 11 and (B) four MJOs associated with strong and weak ITF transports events, respectively, in observations. Day 0 is the central day of the MJO. Bottom panels are the differences of (C) background SST (°C) and (D) intraseasonal SST (°C, 20–70 day-filtered SST) between the MJOs associated with strong and weak ITF events. E–H Same as in (A–D) except for 68 MJOs with strong ITF and 22 MJOs with weak ITF in NESM_OITF. Stippled points represent significant signals at 95% confidence level.