Table 2 Summary of all model experiments conducted in this study

From: Projected Antarctic sea ice change contributes to increased occurrence of strong El Niño

Experiment Name

Coupled model or Atmosphere-only model only

Sea ice state (SIC means sea ice concentration)

ANTSIhist

Coupled

Fixed SIC using historical simulation during 1980–1999

ANTSIlate21

Coupled

Fixed SIC using projection simulation during 2080–2099

ANTSI4CO2

Coupled

Fixed SIC using 4 × CO2 simulation

ANTSIhist_CAM5

Atmosphere-only

Fixed SIC using historical simulation during 1980–1999

ANTSIlate21_CAM5

Atmosphere-only

Fixed SIC using projection simulation during 2080–2099

HIST

Coupled

Simulated SIC from historical simulation during 1980–1999

RCP85late21

Coupled

Simulated SIC from projection simulation during 2080–2099

ANTSICO2

Coupled

Fixed SIC using historical simulation during 1980–1999 and fixed CO2 at the level of near the end of 21st century