Fig. 2: The standard deviation of the NAO and its response to increased CO2.
From: More positive and less variable North Atlantic Oscillation at high CO2 forcing
Results with preindustrial control runs from models and ERA5 (years 1979–2023) are shown for (a) DJF and (b) JJA. The response from the model preindustrial values is shown in (c) for DJF and (d) for JJA. The empty circles denote individual models (see Table S1 for a list) and the error bars show the 95% confidence interval on the mean, obtained by bootstrapping.
