Fig. 1: The SAH differences between the high and low ATAL years.
From: Nonlinear responses of the South Asian High to the Asian tropopause aerosol layer in summer
a Geopotential height differences at 150 hPa in JJA (June–August) between the high and low ATAL years (high ATAL years - low ATAL years) from the MERRA-2 dataset. The red and blue lines represent the SAH boundary line in the high and low ATAL years, respectively. Slashed regions are for values statistically significant at the 99% confidence level by the Student’s t test. Arrows represent the differences in the horizontal wind field (vectors with scale of 5 m/s) at 150 hPa. b Differences in SAH indices. The yellow, orange, and green bars respectively denote the intensity (10−3 gpm), area (10−1 grid points), and eastward extension index (degree) of the SAH, with error bars denoting 95% confidence intervals calculated by the Student’s t test. c–e The probability density functions of the area, intensity, and eastward extension index of the SAH. The solid red and blue lines depict the probability density curves of SAH indices in the high and low ATAL years, and the dashed red and blue lines represent the mean values of SAH indices with the filling area indicating the range from the 5th percentile to the 95th percentile.
