Fig. 8: The SASM index and EASM index during peak monsoon period (July-August) in the high and low ATAL years derived from MERRA-2 reanalysis data and model simulations.
From: Nonlinear responses of the South Asian High to the Asian tropopause aerosol layer in summer
The red bars represent the monsoon indices in the high ATAL years and in ATAL experiment, and the blue bars represent the monsoon indices in the low ATAL years and in CTRL experiment. Error bars indicate the standard error. The standard error in the reanalysis results is calculated by dividing the standard deviation by the square root of the number of samples in the high and low ATAL years. The standard error in the model results is calculated by dividing the standard deviation by the square root of the number of samples in ATAL and CTRL experiments. Asterisks indicate that the differences in the monsoon index between the high and low ATAL years and between ATAL and CTRL experiments are significant. One asterisk, two and three asterisks represent the values that are significant at the 90%, 95% and 99% confidence level by the Student’s t test, respectively.
