Table 1 Emitted compounds and attributes considered in this study

From: Considering sectoral warming and cooling emissions and their lifetimes can improve climate change mitigation policies

Species

Predominant emissions impact on forcing

Predominant forcing mechanism

Net impact

Lifetime (years)

Lifetime classification

Emissions data source

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Direct

GHG

Warming

Years to Centuries

Long-lived

CEDS22,23

Nitrous Oxide (N2O)

109

Halogenated Compounds (HCs)

 

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

CFC-11

52

WMO 202225

CFC-12

112

CFC-13

640

CFC-113

93

CFC-114

189

CFC-115

540

Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)

HCFC-141b

9.4

Short-lived

HCFC-142b

18

HCFC-22

11.9

Hydrofluoro-carbons (HFCs)

HFC-125

30

HFC-134a

14

HFC-143a

3.6

HFC-152a

1.6

HFC-227ea

36

HFC-23

228

HFC-236fa

213

HFC-245fa

7.9

HFC-32

5.4

HFC-365mfc

8.9

HFC-43-10-mee

17

HFC-134

10

EDGAR v8.026

HFC-143

3.6

HFC-41

2.8

Methane (CH4)

Direct & Indirect

GHG & GHGp (tO3,sH2O)

11.8

CEDS22,23

Non-methane Volatile Organic Compounds (NMVOCs)

Indirect

GHGp (CH4, tO3) &AERp (OC)

Minutes to weeks

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Indirect

GHGp (CH4, tO3)

Black Carbon (BC)

Direct

AER

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

Indirect

AERp (SO4)

Cooling

Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)

Indirect

GHGp (CH4, tO3) & AERp (NO3)

Organic Carbon (OC)

Direct

AER

Ammonia (NH3)

Indirect

AERp (NO3)

  1. Lifetimes represent half-lives of species as articulated in IPCC AR6 (2021); see Methods for explicit decay curve formulation and citations. GHG Greenhouse Gas, GHGp GHG precursor, AER Aerosol, AERp Aerosol precursor, tO3 Tropospheric ozone, sH2O Stratospheric water vapor, SO4 Sulfate, NO3 Nitrate. See Fig. 1 for pathways.