Fig. 2
Above-normal rainfalls over equatorial central Pacific (CP) and below-normal rainfalls over Maritime Continent (MC) recognized as El Niño-like convection. Cross-degree centralities of a below-normal rainfall events inside above-normal rainfall events over equatorial CP, and b above-normal rainfall events inside below-normal rainfall events over MC. Interannual correlation coefficients of sea surface temperature onto c annual frequency of above-normal rainfalls over CP, and d annual frequency of below-normal rainfalls over MC. High-value regions in (a, b) indicate where anomalous rainfall events are highly concurrent with the opposite rainfall events over the corresponding boxes. All plotted correlation coefficients in (c, d) are significant (p < 0.05). The equatorial CP (10°S–10°N, 170°E–120°W) and MC (10°S–10°N, 90°–160°E) are outlined by the colored boxes in (a, c) and (b, d), respectively.
